Abbreviations vii Preface xiii Introduction 1 ANCIENT NEAR EAST 1. The Heavenly Sanctuaiy in the Ancient Near Eastern Literature 9 OLD TESTAMENT 2. Interactions Between Heaven and Earth: The Heavenly Temple in the Pentateuch 31 3. The Historical Books' View of the Earthly and Heavenly Sanctuary/Temple 43 4. Creator, Judge, and King: God in the Heavenly Temple in the Psalms 55 5. Heavenly Temple Visions in the Books of Isaiah and Zechariah 75 Felix Poniatowski 6. The Heavenly Sanctuary in the Book of Daniel 91 NEW TESTAMENT 7. A Spatial Shift in Luke-Acts from the Earthly to the Heavenly Sanctuary: A Proposal 109 8. The House of God in John 14:2 as a Reference to the Heavenly Temple 123 9. Heavenly Sanctuary Motifs in the Pauline Corpus: Explicating Their Intertextuality and Interrelatedness 135 10. The Heavenly Sanctuary in 2 Thessalonians 2:4: An Exegetical and Intertextual Approach 155 11. Atonement and Inauguration at the Heavenly Sanctuary: A Wider Perspective to Jesus’s Ascension in Hebrews 175 12. Sanctuary, Priesthood, Sacrifice, and Covenant in the Book of Hebrews 189 13. The "House of God” of 1 Peter 4:17 as Reference to the Heavenly Temple 205 14. The Heavenly Sanctuary in Revelation: Context and Significance 217 15. The Measurement Motif in Revelation 11:1-2 229 16. The Heavenly Sanctuary under Attack: The Blasphemy Against the Skeni 249 EARLY JEWISH LITERATURE 17. The Heavenly Temple in Noncanonical Apocalyptic Literature 267 18. The Heavenly Temple in the Book of Watchers 299 19. The Testament of Levi and the Decline of Heavenly Temple Imagery 317 20. The Heavenly Sanctuary in Rabbinic Literature 331 Epilogue 339 About the Authors 341 Scripture Index 345 Noncanonical Literature Index 364

Whatever happened to the temple? In this unique collection of essays, the writers direct our attention to where the early Christians looked to the reality of the sanctuary in heaven. An obvious and often overlooked theme endemic to both testaments, it has profound ramifications for faithful Christian theology today.