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_aThe Day of Atonement and the Heavenly Judgment _efrom the pentateuch to Revelation _fdr. Alberto R. Treiyer |
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_aSiloam Springht _cCreation Enterprises International _d© 1992 |
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| 215 | _a719 p. | ||
| 327 | 1 | _bForeword З | |
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_bAcknowledgements _p4 |
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_bOrientation to the Reader _p5 |
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_bContents _p7 |
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_bIntroduction _p19 |
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_bCHAPTER I THE DAY OF ATONEMENT AND THE TEXTS OF THE PENTATEUCH _p27 _cThe name of the ceremony _p27 _cThe place of the celebration in the liturgical calendar of Israel _p28 _d-Picture of the Jewish Feasts of the Pentateuch _p28 _cThe content of the Pentateuch _p31 _c- The contents of Leviticus 16 _p32 _dI. Preliminaries to the celebration: vv. 1-10 _p33 _e1. Introduction: historical and religious reason of the ritual: vv. 1-2 _p33 _fThe Most Holy Place _p35 _fThe cloud _p36 _fThe kapporet _p37 _e2. The animal sacrifices for the High Priest and the people, and the sacred garments: v. 3-5 _p38 _fThe animals of the High Priest and the people _p38 _fThe apparel of the High Priest (v. 4) _p40 _e3. Essential sketch of the principal ritual: v. 6-10 _p41 _fThe young bull of the priesthood _p41 _fThe two goats _p41 _fThe lot _p42 _fThe goat for Azazel _p44 _dII. Description of the principal rites of the day _p46 _e4. Detailed description of the ceremonies to be accomplished: vv. 11-28 _p46 _fa) Ritual of incense and of blood (vv. 11-19) _p46 _f Ritual of incense (w. 12-13) _p47 _f Ritual of blood fw. 14-19) _p48 _f -The altar of w. 18-19; cf v. 33 _p49 _f -The implications of the order: "until he comes out" (Lev 16:17) _p50 _f -The use of the verb kipper on the Day of Atonement _p52 _f -The word taher, "clean" _p54 _f -The word qodes, "holy " _p55 _f —The verb nazah (hizzah) _p57 _f Conclusion and exegetical summary regarding the rite of blood (vv. 14-19) _p60 _fb) The expulsion of the living goat (w. 20-22) _p60 _fc) Final ablution of the participants in the ritual (vv. 23-28) _p62 _f The burnt offering for the priesthood and the burnt offering for the people (v. 24) _p63 _dIII. Final Summary Systematization _p66 _e5. Duties of the people and conclusion (vv. 29-34) _p66 _f- The content of Leviticus 23:27-32 _p67 _f- The content of Leviticus 25:9 _p69 _fThe seventh sabbatical year _p70 _fThe Jubilee _p71 _f- The content of Numbers 29:7-11 _p73 _fConclusion _p75 _cExcursus 1. The Apparel of the High Priest on the Day of Atonement _p77 _dThe garments of the High Priest _p78 _d—The four undergarments commons to every priest _p78 _d—The four overgarments exclusive to the High Priest _p78 _dThe moment and place for change of garments _p80 _d—According to the structure of the text _p81 _d—According to the meaning of the employed terms _p83 _d-According to the rabbinic tradition of the Mishnah _p85 _d—Remarks _p86 _d—The usage of the garments _p86 _dCorrespondences between the garments of the High Priest and the _dcurtains of the tabernacle _p89 _dComponents and material of the tabernacle _p90 _dComponents and material of the temple _p91 _dPurpose of the change of garments on the Day of Atonement _p91 _dThe directions for bathing the body _p92 _dThe entrances and exits of the High Priest _p93 _dConclusion _p94 _dSignificance of the garments' removal _p96 _dTypological perspective _p98 _dE. G. White and the typology of the priestly garments _p100 |
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_bCHAPTER II HISTORICO-LITERARY CRITICISM AND THE HISTORICAL PROBLEM _p107 _cLiterary criticism of the Day of Atonement _p107 _dThree classes of analysis _p107 _ea) Linguistic _p110 _eb) In form _p111 _ec) In content _p112 _dAdditional general considerations about the critical-literary method in its application to Lev 16 _p113 _cHistorical criticism of the Day of Atonement _p115 _dNegative arguments _p116 _dThe celebrations of the seventh month _p116 _dThe celebrations of the first month _p120 _dPositive arguments _p124 _dConclusion _p127 _cExcursus 2. The Modern Methods of Interpretation, and the Present Methodological Crisis _p129 _dThe critic method: history and procedure _p129 _dPhilosophical Origin of the Historical-Critical Method _p130 _dExternal and internal critics _p133 _dIntegrative methods _p134 _dOther or Intermediate currents _p134 _dThe present crisis in biblical theology _p137 _dExcesses in both integrative and critical schools of interpretation _p139 _dPresent efforts to escape the criticism of subjectivity _p141 _dConclusion _p143 |
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_bCHAPTER III THE DAY OF ATONEMENT AS RELATED TO THE CONTAMINATION AND PURIFICATION OF THE SANCTUARY _p149 _cI. Contamination of the Sanctuary and Suppression of Worship _p149 _cII. Contamination of the Sanctuary and the Death Sentences _p150 _dTheological value of some Hebrew terms related to the death sentence _p151 _d1) Death Sentence and the Term Kipper _p151 _d2) Death Sentence and the Term Ba'ar _p154 _d3) Death Sentence and the Term Stir _p154 _d4) Death Sentence and the Term Nasa' _p155 _dConclusion _p156 _dKinds of Sins _p157 _ePardonable and unpardonable sins _p157 _eKinds of sins, and the animals sacrificed _p158 _eDegrees of responsibility in the faults committed _p161 _eSins requiring restitution _p164 _e-Deliberate sins and repentance _p165 _e-Special circumstances in which sin could not be atoned _p166 _eConclusion _p167 _cIII. Contamination of the Sanctuary and the Day of Atonement _p167 _dUse of the Term Kipper in Sacrifices for Sin _p167 _dCriteria for Contamination and Purification in the ОТ _p169 _dFirst Category—Contamination Contact With Dead Animals and Certain Other Situations _p170 _dSecond Category—Contamination by Contact With a Human Corpse, Blood, and Genital Sicknesses _p172 _dThird Category—Contamination by Leprosy (Lev 13-14) _p173 _dConclusion _p174 _dAreas and Degrees of Sanctity and of Contamination _p175 _dConclusion _p178 _dParadoxical Nature of Sacrifices _p179 _dContamination by Blood _p180 _dSubstitutional Interchange _p183 _dConclusion _p184 _dLegal Transfer of sin to the Sanctuary _p185 _dStructural Evidences _p185 _d—The book of Leviticus _p185 _d—Inverted reference _p186 _dRitual Evidences (Substitution) _p187 _d—Transference by imposition of hands _p188 _d—Silence in the text on the imposition of hands _p189 _dConclusion _p192 _dComparative Etymological Evidences (Bearing of Sin and Its Eradication) _p192 _dConclusion _p196 _dHigh Priest's Robes and Bathings _p197 _dApparel of the high priest _p197 _dDouble bathing of the high priest _p198 _dManifestations of God's glory and the holiness of the sanctuary _p199 _dHoliness and glory in the inaugural consecration of the sanctuary _p200 _dMaintenance of the glory and holiness of the sanctuary _p201 _dHoliness and glory in cases of rebellion _p202 _dHoliness and glory on the Day of Atonement _p203 _dConclusion and additional prophetic projections _p206 _dThree Great Periods of Atonement in Israel _p207 _dGeneral Conclusions _p210 _cExcursus 3. The Presumed "Contagion " of Holiness _p213 _dThe meaning of the verbal form yief das _p213 _dTwo possibilities _p214 _dThe sanctification conferred by the glory of God's presence (Num 16:35-38[16:35-17:3]) _p216 _dThe usage of garments and sacrifices in Ezek 44:19 and 46:20 _p216 _dConclusion _p218 _cExcursus 4. Theological and Moral Principles of the Death Penalty _p219 _dI. Since the introduction of sin into the world, humanity is under the death penalty _p220 _dII. Tension between justice and mercy _p221 _eAnswer destined to complete a partial vision of God's judgments _p221 _eAnswer destined to complete a partial vision of divine love _p221 _dIII. God can advance or postpone His judgments _p222 _eProblems of deferred judgments _p222 _eProblems of premature judgments _p223 _dIV. If it was necessary to destroy rebels on certain occasions, why would not God do it Himself? _p224 _eConditions required of the Israelites to execute evildoers _p225 _eReasons why the Creator ordered persons to be put to death _p225 _dV. The role of the church with respect to these laws in the New Dispensation _p226 |
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_bCHAPTER IV AZAZEL _p231 _cI. Etymological discussion of the word Azazel _p231 _dA. Azazel as name of a place _p233 _dB. Azazel as the specific name of the goat _p235 _dC. Azazel, an abstract term pointing out only the role of the goat _p236 _dD. Azazel as a supernatural being opposed to God _p239 _ea) Azazel as a fallen angel in ancient literature _p239 _eb) Azazel as a deity or demon of the desert _p241 _ec) Two present interpretations _p242 _f(a) Azazel as "god-goat" _p242 _f(b) Azazel as being "a fierce god" _p244 _eEvaluation _p247 _eObjections _p249 _eConclusion _p257 _cII. Similar Rites of the Ancient World _p258 _dThe different extrabiblical rites _p259 _dBabylonian parallels of the living goat _p260 _dThe Hittite parallels of the scapegoat _p263 _dConclusion _p264 |
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_bCHAPTER V EARTHLY AND HEAVENLY CORRESPONDENCES OF THE SANCTUARY AND OF THE DAY OF ATONEMENT _p269 _cTypological Projections in Jewish Literature _p269 _cThe Earthly Sanctuary and the Heavenly One _p271 _dIn the Old Testament _p272 _dIn the New Testament _p275 _cTypological Correspondence of the Defilement and Cleansing of the Sanctuary _p277 _dHuman Affairs described as coming up before God _p277 _dHeavenly Records of Human Acts _p280 _eThe books in heaven _eCorrespondence between the records of the earthly sanctuary and of the heavenly one _p281 _dBook of God's Designs and Covenant or Law, or Book of Inheritance: the Word of God _p281 _e—The commitment of the people to the covenant _p283 _e—The heavenly pattern of the book, and its purpose _p283 _e—The inheritance and the book: its value in the judgment _p284 _dThe genealogical records _p285 _dThe Book of Life _p285 _dRecords of devotion and good works _p289 _dRecords of sins _p290 _dBook of death _p290 _dThe Final Judgment Based on the Heavenly Books _p291 _dThe confession or denial of the Son of Man _p292 _dThe divine remembrance of human works _p295 _cSome Significant Theological Projections _p296 |
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_bCHAPTER VI THE SANCTUARY AND THE HEAVENLY JUDGMENT IN THE PROPHETS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT _p301 _cI. The Elimination of Sin and Sinners in Critical Times _p301 _dThe Investigative Judgment of Northern Kingdom of Israel _p301 _dThe Vision of the Glory of God and of His Judgment in His Temple _p303 _dThe Vindication of the Saints and the Destruction of the Enemies _p309 _dCall to be prepared for the final crisis _p311 _dThe Coming of God to His temple, and the Investigative Judgment _p313 _d-The coming of the Lord to the temple of the Old Covenant _p314 _d—The previous investigative judgment and the coming of the Lord to the temple of the new covenant _p317 _dThe Construction of the Temple and the Heavenly Judgment _p320 _dThe heavenly investigative judgment _p322 _dThe change of apparel _p325 _dJoshua and Zerubbabel as types or figures of the Messiah to come _p327 _dThe elimination of sin and of the violators of the covenant _p328 _dThe delaying of the Glory for the second temple foretold _p330 _dThe messenger who would precede His coming _p331 _cII. The Heavenly Prince and the Cleansing of the Sanctuary according to the Visions of Daniel _p332 _dPresent Basic Difficulties to Recognize the Kind of Purification of the Sanctuary Foretold _p333 _dThe Identity of the Oppressor Power _p336 _dJesus' interpretation of Daniel's prophecy _p339 _d—A unique application? _p341 _d—The expression: "let the reader understand" _p343 _d—A double interpretation? _p345 _dThe Heavenly Prince and His Sanctuary _p346 _d—Clothed as on the Day of Atonement _p348 _d—His priestly activity _p349 _dThe work of the impostor power and the committed transgression _p351 _d—The nature of the transgression _p352 _dThe cleansing or vindication of the heavenly sanctuary _p354 _dThe prophetic dates _p355 _dConclusion _p361 _cExcursus 5. The Historical Fulfilment of the Prophetic Periods in Daniel and Revelation _p364 |
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_bCHAPTER VII THE SANCTUARY AND THE HEAVENLY JUDGMENT IN THE EPISTLE TO THE HEBREWS _p372 _cProblems in understanding the nature of the heavenly sanctuary _p372 _dGreek Beliefs _p373 _dHebrew and Christian Beliefs _p374 _dBasic Similarities and Differences between Greek and Biblical Thoughts _p376 _dModern Difficulties to Accept the Biblical Approach _p377 _dSpatial Dimension and the Divine Omnipresence _p377 _dDiscussions in Hebrews dealing with the nature of the heavenly sanctuary _p319 _dConclusion _p382 _cThe Christological and Liturgical Interpretations of the Sanctuary _p383 _dProblems regarding the nature of Christ _p385 _dThe liturgy of the sacrifice _p388 _dConclusion _p390 _cEcclesiological interpretations of the sanctuary _p391 _dThe associations of the temple with the church _p393 _dThe title 'elohim: "God" _p395 _dNature and Limits of these associations _p396 _dConvergent movements _p399 _dDouble projection _p402 _dConclusion _p404 _cAntithetical or Correspondence Typology _p406 _dCorrespondence in contrasts _p407 _dLimitations in typology _p407 _dSacrifice: Contrast and Correspondence _p410 _dLevitical Sanctuary: not a Barrier to God _p411 _d—The approaching of God _p411 _d—The permanent service _p413 _d-The taking away of sins _p414 _dThe true barrier separating both ministries _p415 _dConclusion _p416 _cHorizontal Correspondence _p417 _cTypological correspondence as a whole between the two systems _p420 _dThe three moments in the atonement according to the two systems _p421 _eThe Usage of terminology _p423 _eThe cleansing of the heavenly sanctuary _p426 _eThe ministry of the blood of Christ _p431 _eThe expressions "every day" and "every year" _p434 _eConclusion _p436 _dMeaning of some expressions _p436 _e"Within the veil" (Heb 6:19; cf. 10:20) _p437 _e"Throne of grace " (Heb 4:16) _p438 _e"The right hand of God" (Heb 10:12; cf. 1:3,13; 8:1; 12:2) _p442 _eConclusion _p444 _dSimilar structure of Leviticus and the Epistle to the Hebrews _p444 _dConclusion _p446 |
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_bCHAPTER VIII THE SANCTUARY AND THE HEAVENLY JUDGMENT IN REVELATION _p452 _cPresent basic difficulties in the understanding of Revelation _p452 _dSchools of interpretation _p453 _dThe present interest _p455 _dThe temporal and spatial problems _p458 _dThe tension between the nearness of the end and the delay _p462 _dA new vision _p463 _dOther deficiencies _p464 _eBasic results obtained _p465 _eTypological projection of the Jewish Feasts _p466 _eThe trumpet of the Jubilee proclaiming liberty _p468 _eThe expulsion of Azazel _p469 _eThe Sanctuary in Revelation and in the Epistle to the Hebrews _p472 _eThe Vision of the Throne of Rev 4-5 _p474 _fFirst Interpretation. The vision of the throne as taking place in the first apartment of the heavenly sanctuary _p476 _f Problems _p477 _fSecond Interpretation: The vision of the throne as representing the complete ministry of salvation _p479 _fThird Interpretation: The vision of the throne as revealing the final ministry of Jesus in the Most Holy Place: the investigative judgment _p482 _fSpecial convocations of the heavenly council and its correspondence with the earthly sanctuary _p483 _fThe connection of Rev 4-5 with other judgment visions _p488 _fThe place and the time of the heavenly judgment according to Revelation and Daniel _p491 _eThe open door and the closed one in the heavenly temple _p494 _f"As if it were a sea of glass, like crystal" _p495 _fThe seven lamps and the seven candelabra _p497 _fThe relations between the candelabra, the church and the seven lamps in the judgment scene _p498 _fThe Lord's Day _p503 _fThe analysis of the seven churches and the door that Jesus opens _p506 _fThe closed door of the Bride's Parable and the message to the seventh Church _p508 _fThe open door to the entire heavenly temple _p514 _fThe open door and its spiritual link with the church in both dispensations _p514 _fThe open door and its spiritual link in Revelation _p516 _fGraphic Summary of the movement from the Holy to the Most Holy in Revelation _p520 _fConclusion _p520 _eThe members of the Heavenly Judgment _p522 _fThe twenty-four elders _p523 _fA strictly symbolical personification of the twenty-four elders _p526 _fThe value of the number _p526 _fThe value of the denomination "elders" _p529 _fConclusion _p531 _fA real heavenly counterpart of the elders _p531 _fThe value of the number twenty-four _p532 _fThe heavenly counterpart of the elders _p532 _fConclusion _p538 _fThe twenty-four elders within the book of Revelation _p540 _fThe bowls of gold with the prayers of the saints _p541 _fOther occasions in which they appear in Revelation _p542 _fThe crowns of gold _p543 _fConclusion _p545 _fThe four living beings _p547 _fThe angels _p549 _eThe book that the Lamb opens in the Court _p550 _fBook of God's designs and covenant, or law, or book of inheritance: the Word of God _p553 _fIn the coronation of the king and in the sabbatical year _p556 _fIn the allocation of the inheritance _p559 _fThe transfer of the heritage _p560 _fThe verification _p562 _fThe value of the Book of the Law in the heavenly judgment _p564 _eThe breaking of the seals _p567 _fThe witnesses of the sealed document _p568 _fThe content of the seals _p570 _fPurpose _p578 _fThe seventh seal _p580 _fThe coals of fire _p581 _fThe silence in heaven _p582 _eThe judgments of the trumpets _p583 _fIn the context of the Old Testament _p585 _fIn the context of Revelation _p586 _f—The judgments upon Egypt and Babylon _p586 _fMethodological criteria to interpret the trumpets _p588 _fHistorical and theological background of the trumpets _p589 _f—Historical fulfilment _p593 _fThe purpose of the judgments of the trumpets in the heavenly court _p595 _fThe order of the seals and the trumpets _p598 _fThe vision of the book that Zechariah saw _p599 _fThe millenarian judgment and the judgment of the trumpets _p600 _fConclusion _p601 _eExplicative parentheses of the seals and the trumpets _p603 _fThe announcement of the time of judgment and the sealing _p605 _fThe relation of the prophetic commitment of John with the three angel's messages and the book of Daniel _p606 _fContrasts _p609 _f"Another angel" _p610 _fThe order to prophesy "again" _p610 _fThe experience produced by the eating of the little book _p611 _eThe Nature of the Sealing and its Relation to the Day of Atonement and the Judgment _p615 _eConclusion _p617 _eIdentification of the 144,000 vindicated in the judgment _p617 _fThe time factor in both groups _p620 _fReason and meaning of the number _p622 _fCharacteristics of the 144,000 _p624 _fConclusion _p630 _eThe Measurement of the Heavenly Temple _p632 _fThe temporal factors involved _p632 _f—The temporal sequence of Rev 11:1-2 _p633 _f—In the spatial context represented _p634 _fThe meaning of the measurement _p635 _fThe measurement of the temple and the cry of the martyrs of the fifth seal 637 The measurement of the temple and the period of silence of the seventh seal _p640 _fThe measurement of the temple and the measurement of the city _p641 _fThe time of the nations _p643 _eThe Two Witnesses, Prophets, Candelabra and Olive Trees _p645 _fThe voice that identifies the two witnesses _p645 _fThe humiliation of the two witnesses _p647 _fThe annihilation of the two witnesses _p647 _fResurrection and exaltation of the two witnesses _p652 _fIdentification of the two witnesses _p652 _f—Contextual plurality _p654 _f—The testimony of the two testaments _p655 _fIts relation to the vision ofZechariah _p657 _fSummary of the measurement of the temple and the testimony of the two witnesses _p659 _eGeneral Conclusion _p660 _cExcursus 6. The New Proposed Literary Patterns for Revelation 1-11—The Feasts and the tamid—and their Problems _p663 _dThe Jewish Feasts _p663 _dThe Rabbinic Tamid: "Continuous" Priestly Ministry _p669 _dThe order of Rev 1-8 is different from the Tamid of the Mishnah _p669 _dThe sacrifice and the opening of the door _p670 _dThe presumed break of the song and the blowing of the trumpets _p671 _cExcursus 7. The Judgment and the Lamb's Wedding _p673 _dThe white garments and the heavenly judgment _p673 _dThe open door and the order of watching _p675 _dThe tension between washing their clothes and receiving the clothes _p675 _dThe Wedding of the Lamb, the Judgment and _dthe White Clothes of the Righteous _p677 _dThe Ten Virgins _p678 _dThe inspection of those who entered by faith the ceremony of the Wedding, and the Day of Atonement _p679 |
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_bSummary and Final Conclusion _p681 |
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_bAuthor Index _p687 |
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_bScripture Index _p693 |
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_bIndex of Nonbiblical Texts _p719 |
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| 330 | _aThis book, The Day of Atonement and the Heavenly Judgment is the most comprehensive work dealing with the Hebrew ritual, and its theological, typological and eschatological projections of the message of the sanctuary as much in the Old as in the New Testament. Actually, all the important issues dealing with the significance of the Hebrew ritual in law, history and prophecy, are studied carefully. Thus, the writer did not spare any effort to understand the principal issues under discussion in the book of Leviticus, Daniel, Hebrews and Revelation, as in many other legal and prophetic messages in both testaments. For this volume, the author consulted for many years the principal libraries in Europe and the United States. The opportunity of studying and working on several continents, allowed him to understand different cultures and the way people deal with theological issues in diverse countries. This is why the reader will find in this work a careful consideration of many different approaches presented in the study of the Israelite sanctuary and of its fulfillment in the heavenly priestly ministry of Jesus, and specific answers to the different problems there involved. | ||
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_aДень Викуплення та Небесний Суд _eЕсхатологія _zukr |
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